Unusual Festivals

My lecture is about unusual festivals. Could you give me some examples for unusual festival? -Yes that’s true -Don’t you have any idea? I'm sure you have seen some unusual festivals on TV but now you might forgot them. Forexample you imagin a lot of people gathering in a city throwing tomatos at each other just for fun. Have you ever participated in an unusual festival? -Yes: great this is such an interesting experience I'm sure you never fogot that day. -No: no problem I will give you a lot of information about it. I think you might be in charshanbesori.It is held In the last Wednesday of the year. Just as the rest of the world moves forward into the online digital world, there are still various classical traditions from past centuries that retains their popularity with the new younger generation of people. Even as some of these traditions are strange and unusual, they have been held until now. Another example is Halloween. On October 31, in many countries children and adults dress up in unusual costumes. Some become witches or ghosts; others dress up as trees, goats, and in other very unusual costumes.This festival started in Europe and has spread to all parts of the world. However, not all celebrations spread around the world. Every country has its own singular festivals. The first example that I prepared is Festival of Snakes Many people are afraid of snake.. In some parts of the world, snakes are regarded as evil or, at least, dangerous. But, there is one small village in Italy where the people seem to worship snakes. They show their respect and love for snakes with a festival. This festival is held each year in the tiny village of Cocullo, which is surrounded by some of Italy's wildest forests.There is a legend in Cocullo that the surrounding mountains and forests were once full of poisonous snakes. Many of the people from Cocullo who went into these areas died after being bitten by the poisonous snakes. In 700 B. C. , the villagers prayed t o Apollo, a Greek god, for help. Apollo told them to capture the snakes, put them around his statue in the village, and then put them back in the mountains and forests. This seemed to work, and the ritual has been repeated ever since. Over the years, the villagers have made some changes to this tradition.Now a statue of a Christian saint, Domenica, has replaced the statue of the Greek god Apollo. In addition, the villagers have added fireworks to the festival. Celebrations begin on Saint Joseph's Day, March 19, when the first snakes of the season are captured and put in cages. Two months later, on the first Thursday in May, villagers set off fireworks and then go to church. After church, the statue of Saint Domenica is carried through the streets, and villagers put the captured snakes around his statue. Then, more fireworks are set off.At the edge of the village, the snakes are set free in the forest, and the villagers believe that they are immune from snakebites for another year. L a Tomatina The festival of La Tomatina in Bufiol, Spain, is very simple. It is a food fight festival. Everyone throws tomatoes at each other on the last Wednesday of August. The town's streets turn bright red as over 20,000 people hit each other with large, red, soft tomatoes. There are many ideas on how the festival started. The most likely explanation is that it started as a fight between poor and rich teenagers.No one knows who threw the first tomato, but somehow they began throwing tomatoes at each other. Over the years, this local event has become a national event. It is no longer a war between poor and rich and is now an exciting time for young people to have a good time throwing tomatoes at everyone. The standard uniform is an old T-shirt, old shorts, and safety glasses. Farmers bring thousands of tomatoes from around the countryside, and the festival begins with the firing of a rocket. An hour later, the end of the festival is announced with the firing of another rocket, and everyone begins to clean up the town.Zombie Walk A zombie walk is an organized public gathering of people who dress up in zombie costumes. Usually taking place in an urban center, the participants make their way around the city streets or through shopping malls or a local cemetery or other public spaces. Holi- The Festival of Colors This popular Hindu spring festival, observed in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and other Hindu countries, is also known as The Festival of Color. Holi is celebrated at the end of the winter season on the last full moon day of the lunar month, usually in the later part of February or March.It is Originally a festival to celebrate good harvests and fertility of the land. Crying Baby Festival overweight men in this shape can be a very scary sight for many of us. So, you can imagine how babies will react when they are held by one of these men. In Konaki Sumo, a Japanese festival, pairs of babies are held by men like this facing each other. The winner is the baby who cries first. The festival is based on the Japanese proverb â€Å"crying babies grow fast†. Fish-Swallowing Festival the festival involves eating fish but the difference is that they are still alive! t is happend in The last Sunday of every February in Geraardsbergen in Belgium. The ceremony draws protests from animal rights activists who want to substitute live fish with fish-shaped marzipan. Monkey Buffet Festival There really is a festival just for monkeys every year in Thailand. On the last Sunday in November at the Pra Prang Sam Yot temple in Lopburi province, north of Bagkok,thousands of pounds of fruit is gathered for a huge buffet just for monkeys. The festival over the years has become more lavish and has put this small province on the world tourism map. Wife Carrying World ChampionshipsEach summer, this weird event in Sonkajarvi, Finland, becomes more and more popular. The wife-carrying contest has been at a world championship level for over 13 years now. Wife ca rrying is a sport in which male competitors race while each carrying a female teammate. The objective is for the male to carry the female through a special obstacle track in the fastest time. Now my lecture is finished. I want to know your opinion. -Do you think it is a good idea to hold these festivals? For example in tomatina thousands tones of tomato are wasted. While it is possible to cook them and to use them instead of throwing them at each ther. However I have to admit tomatina bring happiness to many of people. But some of them like Crying Baby Festival, Fish-Swallowing Festival, Monkey Buffet Festival and Baby-Jumping Festival are really ridiculous and some of them are really dangerous. -What's your opinion about charsaabesori in Iran? -Do you agree with it or not? Yes I agree with you. Nowadays it become like a urban war. it is such an dangerous night. As all of us know unfortunately many people die and injure seriously. – Do you have any question? Thanks a lot for your consideration.

Convocation Address Essay

As part of his attempts to survive the horrors of the camp, Faludy (a university professor) gave mini-lectures in the barracks at night on a variety of subjects. Some of the fellow prisoners eagerly joined in; others declined. Faludy notes, â€Å"Those who died . . . ere always the men who had been most determined to survive, those who had concentrated on nothing but food, sleep and warmth . . . I was reluctant to admit the obvious: that delighting in a good poem or discussing Plato’s Socratic dialogue could somehow arm the spirit to the point that it could prevent the body’s collapse. † He concludes his address with this realization: â€Å"Our whole fragile tradition of art and thought is neither an amusement nor a yoke. For those who steep themselves in it, it provides both a guide and a goal for surpassing all the half-baked ideologies that have blown up at our feet in this century like landmines . . All we have to guide us in this present is the accumulated thought and experience of those who have lived before us. † This convocation address has had a significant impact on my view of education. Most people agree that there is potentially something noble about teaching, yet Faludy proves it. I am reminded of film critic Roger Ebert’s assessment of the film Life is Beautiful in which Ebert argues that since Jewish prisoner Guido is a clown, comedy becomes his weapon. Faludy was an educator. Education was his weapon. As it is for us all.

Family Size Essay

As the world economy weakens, resources continue to become limited and the interdependence among countries increase, different countries have been introducing new policies which seek to control the rate at which the human population is growing. Most of these policies have been geared towards controlling the number of children a single family should have. The main aim of these policies has been to relief the environment and the resources within it some stresses of over exploitation. However while countries like China have been doing this for a long period now, many people see it as an interference with the basic institution (family) and as a result many people have been fighting against such policies which seeks to control the number of children a family should have. While limiting the number of children per family is positive since it would ease in government planning, enabling the economy prediction to be as accurate as possible, if it was to happen in the US, the policies would not work to the advantage of the State due to few reasons which include the fact that, the USA is not suffering from overpopulation rather under population, the aging population has been growing at an alarming rate forcing the country to allow high number of immigrants to the US and as a result it would not be advisable for the US government to control the number of children per family it should be on the other hand support and encourage her citizens to increase the number of children per family for example by using incentives and thus, the US government should not limit the number of children a family should have. Why the US government should not control the number of children people have: The total fertility rate (defined as the total number of children a woman is likely to have during her lifetime) in the USA in the last decade has been declining (Newman, B& Newman, P, 2008). As many and many women  concentrate on their education, jobs and careers, the American population has been growing at a very slow rate. As a result of countering the problems of a low population growth, the country has been allowing migration of skilled workers through the green card lottery to migrate from their countries to the US to come and offer their expertise in the USA. This program is very beneficial to the country since it allows continuous operation of the industries. If the government controls the number of children people should have the population will grow even less and the country might cease having an active economy (Hanson, Scheve& Slaughter, 2007). The importance of a young population is the fact that it makes the economy active by ensuring goods and services are moving with in the stores. For example new clothes are being bought as people are growing old; items such as phones which have emerged with technology improvements still have people to buy them: With an old population, these items would to be bought. As a result, a high young population is good for the economy and thus best for the government interests. If the US government could start controlling the number of children a family should have, it would find itself in similar problems which are facing countries in the Eastern European region such as Russia and also in Asia such as in Japan where as a result of small family sizes and low fertility rates, the majority of the population is made up of old people. As a result, the governments from these countries have been using large portion of their budget to cater for the old population through pensions and also medical support (Goldsmith& Larson, 2003). With the family sizes also reduced, responsibilities of these aged people are being delegated to the few family members who were born and as a result instead of these people engaging in national building activities, they spend most of their time taking care of the elderly whereas with a high population, responsibilities could have been divided easily among the many siblings. Another economic effect of a controlled family size is the fact that, with a controlled population, almost every citizen is likely to read up to the maximum level of education and as a result, industries would miss the much needed cheap labor which they need to run their companies cheaply. This could force these industries either to use much money to run the companies, close down if they  cannot afford the operating costs or even relocate to other countries where labor is cheap. As a result, this would deny the government much of its needed revenues since the companies would have to pay for taxes in the countries where their investments are (Navaretti, Castelani& Disdier, 2009). Finally, many people argue against the uncontrolled number of children in a family due to the high taxes paid in order to keep the extra child born in school. However, with the US government supporting the education of each and every child born in the US, there is likelihood for high social mobility. The education system enables people to move from poor backgrounds to occupy high levels in the government where they pay high taxes thus giving back to the society (Barnett& Belfield, 2006). The government should thus not be worried about the family sizes of its citizens since the US is not suffering from an overpopulation problem. If each and every person is given a chance to study and become professionals, they would pay high taxes just like any other citizen despite their different social backgrounds. Conclusion: While controlling of the number of children people should have is a good idea, it would not be advisable for the US government to introduce such laws since the country is not suffering from high population rather it is due to under population that people migrate to the US through the green card lottery to provide the much needed labor for the US industries. A controlled population would mean sometimes in future the country’s population is likely to be highly composed of old people where the government would have to dig deep into its budget in order to maintain these people and old population could also lead to a sluggish economy since the old population does not have need for the emerging products such as phones, computers and so on. It is therefore not advisable for the government to control the number of children people should have.

Benefits of green tea on oral health Research Paper - 1

Benefits of green tea on oral health - Research Paper Example These illnesses included periodontitis, gingivitis, as well as dental trauma, for example, oral cysts, subluxation, and after wisdom tooth removal. Oral health is a determining element for quality life, vital for healthiness, and a vital part of over-all health. In the European Union, the socio-economic obligation of oral illnesses is substantial: they affect a greater part of school-aged kids and grown-ups, and make up 5 percent of public health expenditure (Cho, Oh & Oh 357). Costs of established curative cure have escalated from 54 billion pounds in 2000 to 79 billion pounds in 2012, plus are projected to increase up to 93 bn pounds by 2020. Therapy expenditure surpasses that of other illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, dementia as well as stroke. This is alarming, since most of dental diseases burden is avertible (Pavel & Pave 104). A variety of health disorders is linked with oral ailment. Poorly regulated diabetes ailment is a well-recognized risk cause for fostering periodontal failure and latest research displays how protracted gum diseases may increase diabetic impediments (Erridge, Cox & Dixon 152). Gum ailments are also linked with coronary heart syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and adversative pregnancy outcomes. Oral illnesses are easily avoidable by healthy nutrition, consistent dental check-ups as well as routine personal dental hygiene habits, including re-current oral check-ups, the usage of mouthwashes and toothpastes with fluoride, inter-dental washing, and chewingno-sugar chewing gum while traveling. Frequent fluoride exposure, consistent brushing, a nutritious diet as well as routine dental care all add to enhanced oral health results and a decrease in oral healthiness inequities (Pham-Huy, Pham-Huy & He 12). In revelation of this, attempting to expose the full capacity of oral inhibition appears to be an extremely encouraging policy method to decrease the considerable costs and burden of oral

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Culture - Essay Example In an Islamic society that is fundamentally reserved, it is odd to predict that such things as â€Å"Pastel carrying cases for condoms† would have a good market value. People of UAE are generally global agnostics. This essentially means that their tendency to buy a product is not influenced by the product’s global attributes. UAE is one country where the Western decadence is considered infectious. People of UAE derive their learning from the teachings of Islam. They may not be good practicing Muslims, though Islam still remains as the standard. They distinguish between right and wrong according to the teachings of Islam. Thus, the indigenous people of UAE derive learning from Islam. As the traditional environment is fundamentally Islamic, so the people of UAE tend to stick to it rather than adjusting with the fast pace new world. Additionally, their inherent richness of both cultural and monetary leaves them in no complex to run after the global standards. UAE governmen t has more than sufficient funds to provide the indigenous people with a rich and elite standard of living. People have much more money withy them than what they would need to purchase things of their want. Because of the abundance of money, people are not as thirsty for things as people from other cultures normally are. The indigenous people believe more in collectivism than individualism. UAE society is generally extroverted. People make a lot of friends and spend most of the time with family and friends. Increased social interaction causes people to share similar standards. This promotes collectivism in their approach. The lowest Hofstede Dimension for the Arab World is the Individualism... People of UAE derive their learning from the teachings of Islam. They may not be good practicing Muslims, though Islam still remains the standard. They distinguish between right and wrong according to the teachings of Islam. Thus, the indigenous people of UAE derive learning from Islam. As the traditional environment is fundamentally Islamic, so the people of UAE tend to stick to it rather than adjusting with the fast pace new world. Additionally, their inherent richness of both cultural and monetary leaves them in no complex to run after the global standards. UAE government has more than sufficient funds to provide the indigenous people with a rich and elite standard of living. People have much more money to them than what they would need to purchase things of their want. Because of the abundance of money, people are not as thirsty for things as people from other cultures normally are. The indigenous people believe more in collectivism than individualism. UAE society is generally extroverted. People make a lot of friends and spend most of the time with family and friends. The increased social interaction causes people to share similar standards. This promotes collectivism in their approach. Governmental rules are strictly observed because there are severe penalties for violating them. The etiquettes of business recognized internationally like dress code are generally violated. The indigenous men of UAE would wear their traditional white cloak, named Kundra or dishdasha in the workplace instead of the suit (Grapeshisha).

Writing in the Visual Age Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Writing in the Visual Age - Research Paper Example While some emphasize the need to essentially teach rhetorical analysis of images to the students of a writing class, others advocate the importance of aural or textual messages by claiming that no matter how skillfully designed, pictures or images should not be considered to be more capable both emotionally and informatively in comparison to words. Those favoring the newly introduced development of visual rhetoric stress on the importance of photographs and deem them as elements significantly capable of providing more obvious evidence to the public. This paper is basically an attempt to explain why visual rhetoric should be taught as part of a writing class while also acknowledging the opposing ideas put forward by critics weighing the credibility of visual rhetoric in a writing class. This paper will also include some suggestions about how effective actions could be made to enhance the position and validity of visual rhetoric in context of composition studies. This is important beca use though some people might be able to institute change on some levels, it again leaves many educationists and teachers to deal with depressing frustration when visual communication fails to stick for long. I... isually demonstrate how Europe brought the light of literacy and humanity to the dark land of Congo, she filled the star in the flag with very meaningful images of slavery and explorers and the blue field around it with several though-provoking and informative images of old African art. Such useful incorporation of visual rhetoric not only must have delivered more inspirational, interesting, informative, and emotional lesson to the class but it also must have made the whole class remember the logic behind the flag’s design for a longer period. This is understandable as in contrast to a teacher who likes to simply stand behind the rostrum sticking to very conventional and orthodox teaching strategies is certainly much less likely to convey a deeper understanding of a subject to his/her students than a teacher who prefers to institute change and benefit from strategies like using visual rhetoric to demonstrate the meaning and logic behind a concept. Majority of the researchers a t the Wharton School of Business concluded after comparing verbal presentations to visual presentations that â€Å"presenters who combined visual and verbal components were more persuasive† (MacroVU, Inc.). Students are much more likely to reason with a complex dilemma which might be puzzling them when teachers feel motivated to visually explain the confusing parts which is why visual rhetoric should be taught as part of a writing class. It is claimed by Williams in support of the visual mode of communication that this mode literally challenges the people to both see and perceive an image in many different new ways unlike verbal or textual messages (18). Visual communication is the name of a very reasonable and self-evident strategy which should not be underestimated. The research stresses that

Home Inspection Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home Inspection Case Study - Assignment Example This created a market opportunity to the sellers and filling it one had to do it in a manner that the consumers’ needs, preferences and wants are attended to their satisfaction. Furthermore Lack of professionalism was a problem to the industry because no one viewed any of the inspections firms to being very qualified or professional as argued Ramesh (59). With this the market opportunity availed itself to Doug for him to fill the gap thus come with a solution to the problem through his services and product. Additionally there was the need to deliver on any promise made to prospective customers. These two aspired to attain their mission and objective of their business in that they would offer the best services to the consumers both at a professional level and technical approach to the satisfaction of their customers. They also wanted their business to accomplish the needs and want of the customers that coming up with a brand name that the buyers associate with easy and simple to identify with. Doug and Mary wished that their consumers would have a good perception on their service where professionalism and trustworthy is an essential matter that is always put into consideration to appoint of them doing research on how other inspection firms do their work and Doug enrolling for an 8 week course on home inspection to acquire skills thus make him professional ascertain to the industry thus boasting professionalism problem in the business. There are two targeted audience in this case study, first the primary audience who are the real estate agents who will actual need the service as first hand customers due the functional and emotional need they have for the services. The functional need is the purpose of the service in this case is what Doug and Mary has to offer them in terms of services which must be tangible and visible while the emotional need is the intangibles need, where the customers can actually trust and

Chicano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chicano - Essay Example These people belonged to the poorest families in rural areas of Mexico, and did not had any identity in the society, used the term Chicano during the Civil rights Movement in order to amalgamate themselves so that they can be recognized by the world. Chicano descendents reflected distinctive culture of Mexican Americans (Arturo, pp. 197-208). The natives speaking slang language with different pronunciations mocked these people, which was an insult for them. The basis of Chicano was contradictory, as the pronunciation and spelling of Spanish language revolutionized causing discrepancy in differentiating between Chicano and Mexicano, but it was apparent that the word Chicano did not have any effect from this language change. The dual identity of Chicanos entails that these people have neither U.S. origin nor they reflect the Mexican society. This combination of customs of both the nations makes them strive for their acceptance into the American society while retaining their Mexican tra ditions and practices (Arturo, pp. 41-55). A culture reflects the traditions, beliefs, practices, customs, and lifestyles of any society or race. Likewise, Chicano also pertain a diversified culture (Isabel, pp. 63-67). The aspects of Chicano culture are mainly literature, arts, and music. ... 47-61). The people of Chicano possess a very simple yet a colorful lifestyle. The life of Chicanos does not characterize by technology; therefore, they depend upon natural resources to acquire information. These people have poor housing and do not have the access to health facilities. Because of the cultural restrictions, Chicanos have to marry a person of opposite sex within the same race (Isabel, pp. 23-38). They have a strong family relationship, where members are interdependent, and elders are open to suggestions from youngster. Chicano cuisine is famous for its dishes that are very delicious due to inclusion of variety of chilies in it. The basic sources of food such as beans, corn, and peppers are present in huge quantities in their food. The people consume simple, healthy, balanced, and short meals on specific times during the day. Life, death, family bonding, and religious practices are of prime importance to them. They are strong followers of Catholics and those who do not a bide by the obligations, have to face strict consequences. They believe that their religion gives them power to survive through the crises they come across, in their lives (Isabel, pp. 47-61). The idea of death for Chicanos is unlike the concept of death for any other faith as they have a pleasing relation with the dead. Spanish and Catholic have an immense influence on the concept of death for Chicanos. The traditions and practices include a wide variety of celebrations, amongst which the most significant event celebrated by the people of Chicanos is the ‘Day of the Dead’ (Johnston & Winter, pp. 10-14). It resembles the festival of Halloween, celebrated by Americans but the difference

SWOT Analysis of New York City Police Department Research Paper

SWOT Analysis of New York City Police Department - Research Paper Example According to Henry, the major strength of the department lies in its management team who has taken various strategic steps for curtailing the accelerating crime rate in the city (14). Following are the strengths of NYPD: 1. Strong management team – When Bratton was given the charge of running NYPD, the foremost thing that he did was the organizational restructuring. The policies of the organization were changed and the entire structure was changed to ensure that the duties and responsibilities were properly divided among the divisions. Division of tasks leads to less workload and timely completion of the tasks. He developed a vision for the entire management team that has been helping the team in following a clear path of direction for effective performance in the region (Sugarman, 159). 2. Wide range of departments for specific purposes – The major strength of this organization lies in its varying range of departments as each one of them has been developed with a speci fic purpose. For instance, it has developed Emergency Service Unit, Traffic Enforcement District, Major Case Squad, Evidence Collection Team, Crime Scene Unit, Task Forces, Highway Patrol, Mounted Unit, Auxiliary Police, Technical Assistance Response Unit and many more (Nagy and Joel, 20). 3. Implementation of Compstat Technology – Compstat which stands for the Computerized Statistics program is a strategic management process that is goal-oriented. This system makes efficient use of three key components of NYPD i.e. business strategy, information technology and accountability of management for controlling the crime along with the police neighborhoods. It has been implemented in NYPD with the aim of oppressing the crimes and it enhances the quality of community’s life by providing the residents a safe and secured environment. The system has helped the organization in successfully fulfilling its mission (Henry, 2).

Problem Solving & Spreadsheet Modeling Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving Spreadsheet Modeling Essay This paper talks about the problem solving process along with examples, as well as one of more commonly used modeling and analytical techniques, i.e. spreadsheet modeling. It also talks about its dependency, its uses, disadvantages and well as explores ways to better this very new, but powerful technique. | Modeling is the process of creating a simpliï ¬ ed representation of real life problems and representing them in an organized fashion in order to understand a particular problem. These models can take many forms such as mental, visual, mathematical or electronic spreadsheets to name a few. Their uses can be seen in almost every field of our daily lives such as businesses, governments, human resources, science and engineering, and medicine etc. Their primary function is to gain insight into a specific problem and after getting a clear understanding of the topic, one can easily approach it from different directions with possible solutions. This paper discusses this process in detail, starting with gaining insight into a specific problem by using a problem solving model, and then moves on to how it applies to spreadsheet modeling. It also discusses different aspects of electronic spreadsheet engineering, its uses and caveats, as well as its dependency in the business world these days. Before creating any models, visual, mathematical or spreadsheets, one has to start with the problem solving process. The problem solving process consists of six stages that can be followed to solve almost any problem. These stages or steps are employed and are repeated multiple times, not necessarily in the same order, to obtain an efficient and refined solution to a particular problem. The first of these stages is exploration of a â€Å"mess†. â€Å"A mess is a morass of unsettling symptoms, causes, data, pressures, shortfalls, and opportunities† (Baker Powell, p.18). One of the key issues in solving any problem is to be able to take any given situation and extract key information, problems, issues as well as opportunities from it. A problem never presents  itself in a clear, well-posed statement. It is usually hidden in a scenario, along with a lot of other trivial information and any problem solving should start by understanding a given situation and be able to extract key information from it. â€Å"During this phase, questions that are explored include listing problems or opportunities that are to be faced, gaps between current and desired situations, and thinking about stated and unstated goals.† (Baker Powell, p.21) Baker and Powell use an example of a pharmaceutical company in their book, where majority of that company’s revenue is generated from the production and distribution of a single drug, and present a scenario where the patent for that drug heads towards its expiration date in upcoming months. Using this scenario, exploring the mess stage would involve the company officials to perform individual researches and evaluate any threats and affects the expiration of the drug patents would have on their revenues as well as taking initial steps to address the upcoming problems (Baker Powell, p.21). Second stage of the problem solving process involves searching for information. â€Å"This includes opinions, raw data, impressions and published literature etc. and involves casting about widely for any and all information that might shed light on what the problem really is† (Baker Powell, p.22). This is basically a â€Å"brainstorming phase†, and usually involves approaching the mess from different directions. In the case of the pharmaceutical company, for example, senior managers would handle this phase by holding meetings and addressing their discomfort towards the upcoming problem as well as hiring outside consultants to perform company as well as industry research and gathering all the necessary facts involving this problem. â€Å"This stage is usually complete when relevant information for the situation at hand if found and organized and when initial hypotheses about the source of the problem and potential solutions are discussed.† (Baker Powell, p.22) The next phase of the process, known as â€Å"identifying the problem†, st arts out in its divergent phase with a few possible problem statements that can be inferred from earlier stages. These problem statements are evaluated and results in a final, more detailed, problem statement that may or may not be an aggregation of one or more initial statements. It is imperative that each of the initial problem statements are examined individually and eliminated carefully and the end result is an unambiguous problem statement. For  example, the pharmaceutical executives may initially come up with two different problem statements, one dealing with somehow extending patent dates and focusing on revitalizing their strategy around the existing drug, while the other group thinking about how to come introduce other drugs into the market to cover the decline in revenues. Another option looks at decreasing costs and expenses overall to cover the losses incurred. From these initial statements, developing a portfolio and introduction of new drugs seems to win the general consensus. The next phase of searching for possible solutions to the now defined problem statement involves open-ended process searches for good, even radical, solutions. This can only be done however, when a problem statement has already been described. â€Å"Considering possible solutions to an ambiguous problem is not only inefficient but also dangerous as well, since it can lead to solutions that were nowhere close to the original problem and can result in a lot of wasted time and resources. This stage is complete when a list of potential solutions is produced and perhaps a list of advantages and disadvantages for each one† (Baker Powell, p.23). In the case of the pharmaceutical example, this phase can start out with solutions including speeding up FDA approval process for the new drugs, investing RD resources and funds towards drugs with the highest percentages of approval and focusing on a new portfolio of drugs in the same medical category, and thus providing expertise in one or two specialty areas (Baker Powell, p.23). Next comes the stage of evaluating all possible solutions and deciding on the preferred solution. This is done through evaluating each of the initial solutions against a set of given criteria. â€Å"This can lead directly to a preferred alternative. More often, this process leads to changes, and improvements, in the solutions themselves. Often, stronger points of multiple solutions are grafter together while less attractive aspects are removed and through this process, a final, preferred solution is refined† (Baker Powell, p.24). For example, for the pharmaceutical drug scenario, after evaluating and grafting various solutions, it can be decided that one most critical area for improvement is how RD funds are allocated over time. And finally, the problem solving process concludes with implementation the preferred solution. In this phase, a problem-solving team will identify sources of resistance as well as support for their solution. During this stage, once a  solution has been implemented, a final evaluation is done after some time to see if the implementation has been successful or not. This stage concludes when an implementation plan is produced and executed enough so that the team may begin to evaluate how well it is succeeding. For example, the pharmaceutical problem solving team will have to get approval and support from the senior management for their solution and when they carry the plan forward, they must monitor its impacts and modify it as needed, and solve a new set of problems as they arise. In order for a solution to be refined, these six steps must sometimes be repeated multiple times, each time creating a new solution to the problems in the previous cycle. â€Å"It is also worth stating that only rarely are these six stages followed in a strict sequence. Most problem-solving processes move back and forth from one stage to another, perhaps rethinking the problem statement while evaluating solutions, or returning to an information-gathering mode while searching for solutions (Baker Powell, p.25).† Now a brief overview of the problem solving process has been outlined, we can discuss one of the more common problem solving and analyzing techniques used in the business world today, i.e. spreadsheet modeling. Baker and Powell explain it in their book that â€Å"spreadsheet is the second best way to do many kinds of analysis and is therefore the best way to do most modeling (p.4).† Basically what this means is that for any singular modeling task, there is always some better, more powerful software available that can handle that specific task. However, due to the complexity and costs related to such applications and their very narrow scope of problem solving capabilities, it becomes inefficient for most companies and analysts to use separate software for separate models. Therefore, most of the modeling in the business world is done in electronic spreadsheets due to its nature of being able to handle and process a wide scope of modeling and analytical tasks. There are, however, limitations to electronic spreadsheets due to its broad capabilities but most modeling tasks in many companies can be easily handled through spreadsheet modeling and analytical tools. Despite their limitations, spreadsheets allow modelers to build more detailed and more complex models and also have the advantage of being pervasive in business analysis. On the other hand, however, using ele ctronic spreadsheets is not without its downsides. The business world is still at an early stage of understanding how to develop error-free  spreadsheets. And one of the caveats of using electronic spreadsheets is assuming that they are error free. In fact studies and research have shown that only less than ten percent of spreadsheets in individual studies have been free of any errors (Graves, p.1). These errors may be small and would seem very insignificant, such as improper sorting or entering numbers as text, but in larger companies, the results can be devastating and can cause effects ranging from ineligible candidates becoming police officers to a school losing more than $50,000 in funding due to budget understatements (Baker Powell, p. 6). When using electronic spreadsheets, or any software for that matter, it is also imperative to ensure that the software packages are always up to date. This can range anywhere from applying security updates to upgrading software versions altogether. â€Å"Upgrading a business software is more than just an economic business decision. It is a matter of security, productivity, lower costs, and employee morale† (Garger, p.1). The longer any software has been around, the more vulnerable it gets to malicious viruses and security breaches. Therefore any software must be updated or upgraded routinely since newer versions would be safer from a security standpoint guarding against vulnerabilities from previous versions. Another reason to keep software up to date is from a budget point of view. Usually, older versions of any software are more expensive to maintain than the newer versions (Garger, p.1). And probably the most important reason to update any software, and especially spreadsheets, is an increase in productivity. Software companies are continually adding newer features to their applications that increase productivity and are efficient in handling various tasks. More often than not, newer versions usually have larger set of capabilities and tools under their belt and can perform more tasks in lesser time and with more ease (Garger, p.2). Even though electronic spreadsheets are still quite new in the business world, their dependency has been increasing drastically in the past two decades. About 25 years ago, the idea of personal computers was unknown to most and â€Å"modeling was performed only by specialists using demanding software on expensive hardware. This meant that only the most critical business problems could be analyzed using models, because only these problems justified the large budgets and long time commitments required to build, debug, and apply the models of the day (Graves, p.1). However, since then, the ever evolving technological advances  starting with personal computers, spreadsheets and now the add-on features for specialized analyses have greatly changed the business world. Nowadays, anyone with a laptop and little background in spreadsheet modeling can easily handle tasks that would have been thought of as quite complex 25 years ago and would have required teams of specialist to perform (Baker Powell, p.5). In fact, â€Å"these applications have become a staple of end users and business professionals and are widely used by businesses, service agencies, volunteer groups, private sector organizations, scientists, students, educators, trainers, researchers, journalists, accountants and others† (Graves, p.2) In conclusion, spreadsheets represent an ever-present platform for businesses and our dependency on them cannot be understated. However, as with any great tool, there are many stipulations. Any tool can be only as useful and powerful as its user. Therefore, in order to use electronic spreadsheets properly, one has to be proficient in their use and must acquire the necessary skill set to create and analyze powerful and effective business models. Knowing the capabilities of any given software as well as its limitations is crucial. And finally, planning a spreadsheet model properly and never assuming that it will be error-free are necessary to create successful business models. â€Å"Only with a solid foundation in spreadsheet engineering can the business analyst effectively generate real insights from spreadsheet models (Baker Powell, p.8). References Baker, Kenneth R.; Powell, Stephen G. (2010-10-08). Management Science: The Art of Modeling with Spreadsheets, 3rd Edition. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kindle Edition. Garger, John. â€Å"The Advantages of Upgrading Your Business Software†. Bright Hub. Nov 8th, 2010. Accessed Dec. 12th, 2012. http://www.brighthub.com/computing/hardware/articles/43180.aspx Graves, Sherry. â€Å"The Importance Of Excel In The Workplace†. SparkNET. Sept. 10, 2007. Accessed on Dec.12th, 2012. http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Importance-Of-Excel-In-The-Workplaceid=724646

Examining Models of Reflection on Leadership and Management

Examining Models of Reflection on Leadership and Management The final test of a leader is that he (sic) leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on. [Lippmann , 1945] The quote from Walter Lippmann above highlights a major part of what a leadership entails. The ability to inspire others to carry on with work once we have moved on or are not there to lead ourselves is a skill that many of us have to work hard to acquire. Being a leader is not as easy as it sounds. Sometimes a leader has to make unpopular decisions for the good of all. How this is achieved is also a skill that good leaders display. The leadership styles in management also vary on the type of people that the leader works with. Some need the iron fist, others need the velvet glove. Leadership styles in management hinge on two things, the leader himself and the people around him. The leadership style which the leader chooses ought to ideally be the one which will help him extract the best out of the people around him. So having said that, here are the dominant leadership styles in management.. Good leaders are made not born. If the one have the desire and willpower, he can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). While leadership is learned, the skills and knowledge processed by the leader can be influenced by his or hers attributes or traits, such as beliefs, values, ethics, and character. Knowledge and skills contribute directly to the process leadership, while the other attributes give the leader certain char acteristics that make him or her unique. Leadership and management are essential skill for all qualified healthcare professionals. when leadership comes to nursing, it is recognised that nurses   who have leadership capabilities can improve motivational levels of others in the work environment, this helps nurses to have a positive attitudes about their work, and to run their daily tasks and responsibilities more effectively. Treat the patients and other staff members with respect, and be able to reach personal goals and objectives. It involves an individuals efforts to influence the behaviour of others in providing direct individualised one in that the primary responsibilities of the nurse and health care personnels in the delivery of nursing care. The process of leadership and management are based on a scientific approach called problem solving method. The function of these scientific method is to increase the probability of success for a nurse managers action, given the particulars of a unique environment. In a typical nursing environment, there are staff members, clients, managers, situational variables such as polices and norms, and material resources, there are unique science it would be impossible to find this exact environment in another place or time. The goal of nurses manager is to identify the environments resources and put them to work as a whole system in accomplishing goals and facilitating growth. Reflection involves describing, analysing and evaluating our thoughts, assumptions, beliefs, theories and action [Fade 2005] The educationalist and philosopher John Dewey developed his ideas on thinking and learning and focused on the concept of thinking reflectively, defining it as; Active persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends [Dewey 1933.p 9] He says reflective thinking as a thinking with a purpose and focused strongly on the need to test out and challenge true beliefs by applying the scientific method through deductive reasoning and experimentation. He implied the emotions and feelings are part of reflective thinking but , interestingly, this is not something on which he expanded. He made some important assumptions about people emphasising our tendencies towards quick solutions, tradition and mental ruts and the pervading influence of culture and the environment upon our thinking. He also emphasised the need the need for thinking to be directly linked with action, demonstrating the pragmatic nature of his philosophy, and suggested that any thinking can be intellectual. Thus emphasising the importance of practical as well as the theoretical. Reflection starts with the individual or group and their own experiences and can result, if applied to practice, in improvement of the clinical skills performed by the individual through new knowledge gained on reflection. Clamp (1980) noted that nurses attitudes largely govern how care is administered to their client and the commonest causes of poor care are ignorance and inappropriate attitudes. This process of reflection, if then related into practice, can assist the individual in gaining the required knowledge, leading to a potential improvement in the quality of the care received from that individual. The outcome of reflection as identified by Mezirow (1981) is learning. Louden (1991) describes in ordinary language reflection as serious and sober thought at some distance from action and has connotations similar to meditation and introspection . It is a mental process which takes place out of the stream of action, looking forward or (usually) back to actions that have taken place . Reflective Practice Reflective practice is associated with learning from experience, and is viewed as an important strategy for health professionals who embrace life long learning. The act of reflection is seen as a way of promoting the development of autonomous, qualified and self-directed professionals. Engaging in reflective practice is associated with the improvement of the quality of care, stimulating personal and professional growth and closing the gap between theory and practice. Models of reflection In the models of reflection, I would like to discuss about Gibbs Frame work for Reflection and  Johns Model of Structured Reflection à ¢-  1.Gibbs Framework for Reflection (Linked with the core skills of reflection) In that Stage 1: Description of the event Describe in detail the event you are reflecting on. Include e.g. where were you; who else was there; why were you there; what were you doing; what were other people doing; what was the context of the event; what happened; what was your part in this; what parts did the other people play; what was the result.   Stage 2: Feelings and Thoughts (Self awareness) At this stage, try to recall and explore those things that were going on inside your head. Include:How you were feeling when the event started?What you were thinking about at the time?,How did it make you feel?,How did other people make you feel? ,How did you feel about the outcome of the event? ,What do you think about it now? Stage 3: Evaluation   Try to evaluate or make a judgement about what has happened. Consider what was good about the experience and what was bad about the experience or what did or didnt go so well Stage 4: Analysis Break the event down into its component parts so they can be explored separately. You may need to ask more detailed questions about the answers to the last stage. Include:   What went well?,What did you do well?,What did others do well?,What went wrong or did not turn out how it should have done? .In what way did you or others contribute to this?   Stage 5: Conclusion (Synthesis)   This differs from the evaluation stage in that now you have explored the issue from different angles and have a lot of information to base your judgement. It is here that you are likely to develop insight into you own and other peoples behaviour in terms of how they contributed to the outcome of the event. Remember the purpose of reflection is to learn from an experience. Without detailed analysis and honest exploration that occurs during all the previous stages, it is unlikely that all aspects of the event will be taken into account and therefore valuable opportunities for learning can be missed. During this stage you should ask yourself what you could have done differently.   Stage 6: Action Plan   During this stage you should think yourself forward into encountering the event again and to plan what you would do would you act differently or would you be likely to do the same? Here the cycle is tentatively completed and suggests that should the event occur again it will be the focus of another reflective cycle à ¢-  2 Johns model of structured Reflection . Chris Johns (1994; 1995) model arose from his work in the Burford Nursing Development Unit in the early 1990s. He envisaged this model as being used within a process of guided reflection. His focus was about uncovering and making explicit the knowledge that we use in our practice. He adopted some earlier work by Carper (1978) who looked at ways of knowing in nursing. According to his model of reflection the ways of knowing are Aesthetics the art of what we do, our own experiences à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What was I trying to achieve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why did I respond as I did? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What were the consequences of that for the patient? Others? Myself? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How was this person (people) feeling?  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did I Know this? Personal self awareness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did I feel in this situation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What internal factors were influencing me? Ethics moral knowledge à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did my actions match my beliefs? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What factors made me act in an in-congruent way? Empirics- scientific à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What knowledge did or should have informed me? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ References à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ C Rodgers (2002) Teachers collage records: the voice of scholarship in education à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Elaine Lymne La Monica (1986) Nursing leadership and management: an experiential approach à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Chris Bulman Sue Schutz (2004) Reflective practice in nursing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gibbs G (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford Further Education Unit, Oxford.  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Johns C (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carpers fundamental ways of knowing in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 22 226-234 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢

Web :: Essays Papers

Web How To Start A Web Business One of the most popular Internet myths claim that building an online store is easy: All the customer has to do is point, click, and buy. But in reality, successful e-commerce is far more complex and unlike any other web site project you have tackled in the past. Before that first cyber buck finds it’s way into your bank account, you need to do considerable research and planning. To get started you can begin thinking about all the issues that need to be addressed before you can even put together a successful online business plan. You can now imagine a real company that suddenly decides to regard the â€Å"welcome† announcement of e-commerce. Say you’re working for the Ford Motor Company, the nation’s leading supplier of heavy-duty trucks. Your CEO is catching up on the past several months of business journals and when the spark plugs start firing. Those screaming headlines cannot be ignored: â€Å"Consumer E-Commerce Will Jump To 26 Billion By 2002† and â€Å"U.S. Online Business Trade Will Soar to 1.3 Trillion By 2003†. Most importantly, Chevy has rumored to begin its own e-business plan. So the big wig meets with the board of directors, and after an agonizing long deliberation, you are told that they want www.ford.com open in six weeks. Plenty of time they insist. After all there are millions of schmucks out there building award winning web sites and making a plethora of cash to pay for college. Immediately go register the domain name ford.com for the company and then make your plan. Planning ahead for the unexpected gotchas of e-commerce that can hit you unexpectedly. Planning ahead will not only save you redevelopment time down the road, but it will also help you make educated decisions as you choose the right e-business solution for your company. The Many Choices of Beginning Before your can select the right setup for your e-business, you must determine exactly what you need to be competitive online. Most likely you will need some software to help you manage your products, your promotions, your customers, and their orders. You may also need some additional programs to handle the tax, shipping, and payment processing of your orders. 2 of 3

Baroque Art in Europe and North America Essays -- essays research pape

Baroque Art in Europe and North America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout this research paper the topic is going to be along the lines of the Baroque Art in Europe and North America, which comes from chapter nineteen of our Art History book. The main purpose is to review major ideas and principles in this chapter by writing an analysis of certain points that were highlighted. For example, certain techniques that were used to define the Baroque Art, major sculptures, architectures, and paintings, and also just some general background information about this time period. I decided to write on this subject because when reading the chapters, the Baroque period seemed to catch my attention the most due to the amazing architecture that was built during this time. The Baroque period is understood to be around the time frame of the 1600 to about 1750’s and was greatly supported by the Catholic Church and also by the Popes during this time. According to the History and Appreciation of Art, †The term Baroque is from the Portuguese barroco, which means a ‘misshapen pearl’ and the Baroque was the final phase of the Renaissance or an era distinct from both the Renaissance and the modern era†(History and Appreciation of Art). Baroque is a word that is considered to be a style that emerged in Europe in the late sixteenth century and that last approximately into the eighteenth century. â€Å"Baroque, as a formal style, is characterized by open compositions in which elements are placed or seem to move diagonally in space† (Stokstad pg. 721). Baroque art and for that matter seventeenth century art was known to be more of naturalistic form and used very strong movements of lighting in their paintings, sculptures, and architectures. For instance, â€Å"... Baroque is dynamic with tension between naturalism and classicism. Baroque has very dramatic lighting with strong artificial light and dark. Strong movement exists in the paintings and architecture, both real and unreal† (History and Appreciation of Art). According to our book in regards to the Baroque period taking a naturalistic form, â€Å"The desire for realism was inspired in part by the growing interest in the natural sciences: Biological sciences added to the artists’ knowledge of human and animal anatomy and botany; physics and astronomy changed their concept of space and light† (Stokstad pg.722).   Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs... ...’. And also the sculptures during Baroque period in Italy and France were tied into the building of the architectures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, the Baroque art in Europe and North America was a time of growth for many of the countries in these areas. We have seen many developments such as the great architecture, sculptures, and paintings that were produced by many artists’. Also, one of the more informative issues that were not known by me and probably many others were the clever was to produce paintings. During this research and analysis of this chapter of the Baroque arts, I certainly have found more insight on the arts of the sixteenth century in Europe and North America. Works Cited Andersen, Liselotte. Baroque and Rococo Art. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harry N. Abrams, INC, 1969. Bazin, Germain. Baroque and Rococo Art. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frederick A. Praeger, INC, 1964. â€Å"History and Appreciation of Art†. (Online)Available http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/art101/module6 .htm#top, March 27, 2005. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New Jersey:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearson Education, INC, 2005.

Essay --

YMCA Community Action Program (Y-CAP) The YMCA The YMCA is a leading nonprofit organization for youth development, healthy living and social responsibility. The YMCA, also known as the Y, is a nonprofit like no other. This is because in 10,000 neighborhoods across the nation, Y-CAP has the presence and partnerships to promise and deliver a positive change. History The Memphis YMCA was a lay-evangelical fellowship of young men united by a common loyalty to Jesus Christ for the first 15 years that it existed. In the 1860s, the Memphis YMCA became inactive due to the Civil War, and the Yellow Fever epidemics of the 1870s. After that period, the Memphis YMCA became permanently recognized in 1883. Little was known about the Memphis YMCA from 1883-1907, except the active leadership that had been provided by John R. Pepper, who maintained the association and kept it worthwhile. In 1907 Thomas B. King and John R. Pepper were correspondingly the president and vice president of the association. The YMCA of Memphis piloted a building fund campaign and purchased a building site for $33,687, feeling the need for facilities. A $200,000 seven-story building was planned for the cite. By the time the building funds were raised Elias Porter was president. The outstanding seven-story structure was completed in 1909, just in time for the buildings dedication by P resident William Howard Taft, accompanied by governors from 27 states, on October 27, 1909. The Memphis YMCA opened over 150 years ago. The first building has been opened for more than 100 years, serving youth as well as adults of Memphis in a variety of ways. Since 1909 the YMCA had developed and branched out in many directions. About the Agency The YMCA currently has eight full facility b... ...ng trouble feeding everyone in the home, Y-CAP could refer them to Mid-South Food Bank, who are in an alliance with them. Review â€Å"Y-CAP is the single most effective program I have seen for righting the path of wayward youth. My experience as a DeSoto County attorney has shown me the long term benefit to the county that Y-CAP offers. Y-CAP is able to intervene in the lives of young people and provide an opportunity for that young person to become a productive citizen. By proper guidance through Y-CAP, juvenile offenders and at-risk youth are able to contribute to the community, rather than drain its law enforcement and other resources. Y-CAP is proven successful in helping youth by involving the entire family. The benefits of a successful graduate are far reaching and an asset to the community that is immeasurable.† —William P. Myers, Attorney, Myers Graves, PLLC

How health and saftey is moniterd and maintained Essay

Assessment Criteria The learner can: 1. Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services. There are many factors to consider when planning a healthy and safe indoor or outdoor activity. Such as: How old is the child What abilities has the child, do they have any special needs The function and purpose of the service to the child The duty of care to the child The desire outcomes for the child Specific risks to individuals, such as pregnancy, sensory impairments Lines of responsibility and accountability It is important when an activity is planned that you choose the best environment for it to take place. E.G. if I planning a bike riding activity: The appropriate place for this to take place would be outside, not indoors due to lack of space etc. I would also need to be aware of weather because it is an outdoor activity and rain or fine, hot or cold need different considerations and equipment sometimes resulting in the activity being changed or alternative given. I would consider the age and abilities of the child and male sure the correct bike was chosen checking it was in good safe working order. I would check that the area that was going to be ridden on was and even surface suitable for bike riding and free from obstacles including passing cars and vehicles that might interfere with a safe ride. I would check the child understood that they could only ride in agreed area where i can observe them at all times. I would ensure that there was constant supervision of the child throughout the activity, making sure enough staff were available to meet these needs. That the child has the correct safety equipment (gloves, helmet etc†¦) I would evaluate and consider every risk and avoid them as far a possible but be aware that it is not always possible to control certain risk. 2. Explain how health and safety is monitored and maintained and how people in the work setting are made aware of risks and hazards and encouraged to work safely Health and safety is monitored and maintained by: Routine health and safety checks and assessments to be completed by all appropriate members off staff. Staff completing their assessment/and or checklist for all activities,inside,outside, during visits, trips and outings All staff receive good tanning in health and safety and are aware off company policies and procedures. All staff understand how to complete risk assessments and record accurately as well as being able to record + report accidents and incidents. Checking that police and procedures are reviewed regularly Making sure everyone in the setting are aware off risk + hazards, this could be by induction training of staff, also buy further training to staff. By making sure that children receive safety education in a way that their age and ability understand There should be a designated h&s officer in your workplace The officer should make regular checks of your work place If and risk are seen and there are concerns, we have a communication book, intranet and team meetings to discuss. Put up warning signs if needed 3. Understand how to support children and young people to assess and manage risk for themselves. Any activity a child does involes some sort of risk, but if well organized and planned, and risked considered then risk of accident or injury should be greatly reduced. It is really important when thinking about risk assessments not to over protect a child. To give a child life skills they have to learn to manage some risks by themselves and need to know their own limitations and boundaries. It is therefore necessary for staff etc not to over protect a child, but allow them as safely as possible to release and understand specific risks and giving them the ability to recognize risk and choose for themselves without guidance. Every child is an individual with their own age, set of specific needs and abilities. All of this must always be considered in anything to do with the child including activates. The different needs of families and careers must be considered Make sure it is understood why you are using the environment chosen, what the child might expect from the activity. You must always have the child’s safety and welfare considered first when  arranging an activity. It is a legal obligation for you to provide a duty of care to the child. Outcomes from the activity such as skills learnt, pleasure and enjoyment and independence, must be weighed up against risk, and these aims and objectives identified as being suitable for the child concerned. How long the child is going to be at the setting Which areas of the setting they have access to Risk assesses activities and the environment, making sure it is suitable for the all the children involved and take extra care when a child has a disability and also with new activities. 4. Explain how current health and safety legislation, policies and procedures are implemented In own work setting or service. All staff follow the standards of the Health and Safety at work Act 1974. It is the employer’s responsibility to put policies and procedures into place that meet these standards. It is the employees responsibility to follow and work by these policies and procedures By making sure: All staff have CRB checks, induction training, regular training sessions and supervisions. All equipment is stored appropriately and regularly checked to make sure it is safe and fit for purpose. The needs and abilities of all children are met through maintaining adequate facilities and environment Hazards materials and equipment is locked away and COSHH procedures followed. Gloves are used when dealing with body fluid to prevent cross infection Systems are in place to ensure safety of children at all times i.e. fire, accidents and illness procedures including reporting and recording. Staff are trained in first aid and able to deal with minor injuries There are adequate first aid boxes and fire extinguishers in correct place Staff are given guidance and training on how to protect themselves, including manual handling and restraint Staff attend regular mandatory courses on health and safety, food hygiene, first aid administering medication and restraint (team teach). Staff attend regular staff meetings to keep up with any safety issues and updates Regular risks assessments are carried out and updated

A Rose for Emily: Pressures of Society

Pressures of Society Most people desire to fit in with the social norm. People do not want to be outcasts or different. Everyone in a society tries to fit into their cookie cutter forms to make themselves just like everyone else. Society does not like those who don't fit in and meet their standards. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the main character Emily lives in a society full of high morals and monetary status. The setting plays a huge role on the actions of Emily and forces her to seclude herself from the rest of society. A Rose for Emily† takes place in post- civil war Jefferson, a small town in the deep south of the United States. The setting of the story helps illuminate the values of society during that time. Emily's society was built on the beliefs that the white, upper-class citizens were far more superior to everyone else. Being that they were more superior, everyone was held to a higher standard. The people of Jefferson were ex pected to have prim and proper houses and yards, high morals, and to obey all of the town's laws. While Emily was part of the upper-class, she did not quite fit in to society's cookie cutter mold. Emily's house was an eyesore to the rest of the town, she was said to be dating a gay man who was of the working class, and she did not pay her taxes. The people of the town began to question Emily's sanity because she was not just like everyone else. â€Å"Some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people†¦. but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister†¦. o call upon her. † (94-95) These actions show how much society truly wanted to change Emily's way of life so she would fit in with them and stop ruining their image. The southern country setting with these harsh conditions led Emily to lock herself in her home in order to seclude herself from society. Emily did not feel welcome in her society. She knew that the others judged her and looked down upon her for her actions. The pressures of society took a huge t oll on Emily. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them. † (95). Emily felt as though she was a total outcast in her society and she became insane because of it. After her death, the town finds out that Emily had murdered her future husband. She had truly gone insane due to the pressure that society had placed on her. All in all, Emily's harsh society that she lived in caused her to feel unwelcome and go insane. Emily felt forced into locking herself away in her home to seclude herself from society. The high moral standards that the rich white southerners place on society greatly affected the life of Miss Emily. Emily did not fit into society's cookie cutter mold, and as a result she was ridiculed and cast away from the rest of society. The pressures of society can have a very damaging effect on those who do not fit into the social norms.

Describing of how Accessing a Aange of Services and Facilities can be Beneficial to an Individual’s Wellbeing

An individual‘s well-being may benefit in a number of ways through the accessing of range of service and facilities, these may include a benefit to their physical well-being, when they can easily and encouraged to access facilities such leisure centres to exercise. And sometimes this can improve their physical stamina in dealing with some of physical limitation. As the session in the swimming pool at the day center, where service users with physical limitation try to force themselves in movements to enjoy the time that they spend inside the pool.Identify barriers that individuals may encounter in accessing services and facilities Barriers that individuals may encounter in accessing services and facilities are; -Distance. Not all transports are provided to get access to wheelchairs therefore it require a special vehicle -Education. Lack of information is a barrier for an individual to access services -Opportunity cost. Cost may be prohibitive or there may not be staff available to give support. Also cultural and social barriers may affect the individual in accessing to services and facilitiesDescribe ways of overcoming barriers to accessing services and facilities -Providing specialist transport such a vans with ramps for wheelchair access or team of specially trained people who know how to professionally escort people with mental issues in accessing other facilities and service -Lack of information is a barrier and can be addressed by presenting as much information on the type of the services, who the service is for and the proper use of facilities.-Special equipment such hoist are required for some individual and a number of well trained staff to allow service users to benefit of it -With our multicultural world there has been a rise in the need for interpreters and this has been recognised in most government institutions where they facilitate for those that may be not able to understand English and may need an interpreter. Explain why it is important to support individuals to challenge information about services that may present a barrier to participationSupporting individuals who challenge information about services that threaten participation help to encourage more people into participating. Finding out which things put a hamper on participation will help to make more associate themselves with the activity. How to ensure individuals’ rights and preferences are promoted when accessing and using services and facilities The most effective way to ensure individual’s right and preferences is always asking them permission. Explain well, in the clerer way what we are going to do, and asking them if the are agreed on that.

Nurse Culture Assessment

Running head: CULTURAL ASSESSMENT Cultural Assessment June 14, 2008 Abstract In order to deliver nursing care to different cultures, nurses are expected to understand and provide culturally competent health care to diverse individuals. Culturally competent care is tailored to the specific needs of each client, while incorporating the individual’s beliefs and values (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 90). By being culturally competent, nurses are able to help improve health outcomes by using cultural knowledge and specific skills in selecting interventions that are specific to each client (Stanhope & Lancaster). Therefore, nurses â€Å"should perform a cultural assessment on every client with whom they interact with† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 90) to help understand client’s perspectives of health and illness and discuss culturally appropriate interventions. In this paper, the author will demonstrate how nurses can utilize a cultural heritage assessment tool to help develop a cultural competent nursing care plan, which can be referred to in Appendix A and B. By culturally assessing client, nurses will be able to identify the needs of culturally diverse individuals and find out if what's important to the culture is really important to the person in terms of specific health needs. Introduction In order to deliver nursing care to different cultures, nurses are expected to understand and provide culturally competent health care to diverse individuals. Nurses must find out about people’s traditions, ways of life, and beliefs about health care so that the appropriate interventions can be planned and implemented to produce culturally positive health outcomes (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006). By being aware of the client’s cultural beliefs and knowing about other cultures, â€Å"nurses may be less judgmental, more accepting of cultural differences, and less likely to engage in the behaviors that inhibit cultural competence† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 84). Most importantly, nurses must listen to the client’s perceptions of problems and work together to develop suggestions and recommendations for managing those problems. Therefore, cultural assessments tools have been developed and are available to help assist nurses integrate â€Å"professional knowledge with the client’s knowledge and practices to negotiate and promote culturally relevant care for a specific client† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 82). Part I: Cultural Assessment of Client A cultural nursing assessment is recognized as a â€Å"systematic way to identify the beliefs, values, meanings, and behaviors of people while considering health history, life experiences, and the social and physical environments in which people live† (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 5). For this reason, cultural assessments are an essential component in providing quality care to diverse individuals of different cultures. For this reason, the author used the cultural heritage assessment tool to help assess the ethnic culture of Mrs. P. Referring to Appendix A, the outline shows the interview questions and answers collected by the author per Mr s. P. Reassuring the confidentiality of the client’s interview, utilization of the cultural heritage assessment tool enabled the author to gather, classify, and analyze the culture of an American Hindu Indian. Brief History of Ethnic and/or Racial Origins The client evaluated by the author was a 35 year old female named Mrs. P who lives in Poway, California. The immediate family composition consists of a wife and a husband who just recently got married. In regards to the client’s cultural background, the ethnic culture that Mrs. P identified with was an American Hindu Indian. Born and raised in Poway, California, Mrs. P’s father and the grandparents from the father and mother’s side were born in Punjab, India, while the mother was born in Utter Pradesh, India. Coming from India, the client’s parents has lived in the United States for 14 years. Living in Poway since then, Mrs. P grew up in a rural setting and lived with the parents and younger brother until recently moving out when the client got married. With Hindi as the client’s native language, Mrs. P and the brother can only speak Hindi, compared to the mother and father who can both read and speak the native language. Socioeconomic Considerations With occupation and education, the client’s dad has a master’s in business and works for Gateway computers. The client’s mom has a degree in psychology and is a housewife, and the younger brother has degree from UCSD for management science and economics and works at Boeing. As for Mrs. P, the client works as a teacher, having earned a bachelor’s degree in business administration from the University of California, Riverside, and Mr. P works as a neuro-surgeon, with a bachelor’s degree in cellular and molecular biology and in computer engineering, and masters in computer engineering. Receiving no financial assistance, the client seemed satisfied in the current socioeconomic class of upper middle class because there are no plans of changing job. Currently owning a home with 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, a living room, dining room, loft, and patio, the living arrangements for Mrs. P appear sufficient for a future family to live in. Value Orientation According to Mrs. P, respect for elders, a good education, good family background and connections, religion, and good ethics for society, are values that are held highly within the family’s culture. Education and a highly held position in a career are very important because these values determine an individual’s status in society. Examples include doctors and engineers. Obviously, success is pertinent within the Indian culture. Indians are known for their hard work, vitality and dynamism. However, although looked as highly important, the family’s overall impression of these values do not define who a person is; these values are appreciated. Growing up, Mrs. P learned that every action requires thinking because any decision might have a negative effect on the family, and how society will react. Family reputation is very important and in the Indian culture, individuals must be careful not to do anything to put down the family name. The Indian culture is very family-oriented, which is why family comes first. In health and in sickness, the family takes care of each other. Cultural Sanctions and Restrictions According to the client, there are no cultural sanction and restrictions that the client is aware of. For the most part, Mrs. P believes that since the parents were open-minded to the fact of living in the United States, a strict Indian culture was not experienced during childhood. The parents understood what kind of environment the children were in and did not expect Mrs. P and the brother to be restricted to an Indian lifestyle. Communication As far as communication is concerned, Mrs. P informed the author that communication involves all members of the family, friends, and community. However, the Indian culture affects the way individuals communicate with family and friend by restricting certain topics when inappropriate. For example, foul language or sexual topics may be considered unacceptable to discuss in front of parents. For the most part, Mrs. P’s family does get along well, which is evident by the client’s close relationship with immediate and extended family members. With such open communication to some extent and having great family relationships, Mrs. P maintains contact with all members of the family and takes the time to visit family every few weeks. Health-related Beliefs & Practices & Nutrition Health-related beliefs and practices generally emphasize taking care of the health of all members in the family. According to Mrs. P, health-related beliefs and practices are related to nutrition. The only information that the client provided to the author was that Hindus perceive some foods as â€Å"hot† and some are â€Å"cold†, and therefore, should only be eaten during certain seasons and not in combination. There are different perceptions of â€Å"hot† and â€Å"cold† foods depending on the region of where individuals are from. From these perceptions, foods are thought to affect body functions. In the client’s case, Hindus love to cook and eat traditional dishes that are perceived as healthy. From raima, cholay, and saag, these Indian dishes are usually made by the client’s mother because Mrs. P does not usually make the traditional cultural dishes. As far as any specific dietary restrictions, eating meat is not considered good, but some individuals within the culture still eat meat. With Mrs. P, the client strives on well-balanced meals and does not follow the ideas of hot and cold foods. The only cultural diet that is followed is not eating meat. Cultural Aspects of Disease Incidence In regards to aspects of disease, the client’s culture customs and eliefs often contribute to the decision for medical care and choice of healthcare services. Supernatural forces and excess in human needs are recognized to contribute to illness and disease, regardless of station in life. For example, the client gives that example of eating too many sweets will cause round worms and that too much sexual activity can be associated with tuberculosis. Even more so, if a disease is sexually related, the occurrence of such diseases is looked upon as disrespectful if unmarried. In addition, diarrhea can be caused by a variety of improper eating habits. As a result, cultural treatments that may be used include homeopathic medicine, herbal remedies, mixing religion and medicine, and observing the individual within a natural environment. In the client’s case, a health problem that is currently affecting the family is high blood pressure. Religious Affiliation According to Mrs. P, the client’s religious preference is Hinduism, which is the same religion for Mr. P and all members of the immediate family. Religious beliefs and practices include believing in reincarnation and in many gods, and occasionally attending a temple. However, the client does not belong to a religious institution nor is an active member of any religious or ethnic organization. Yet, the client does practice the Hinduism when with the family. In the author’s opinion, the client expressed ideas for becoming more involved with participating in religious or spiritual activities. As for the neighborhood, there are diverse backgrounds of different ethnic cultures and religions within the community. Developmental Considerations The only achievements and tasks fulfilled by the client’s family include having both children graduate from college and finding successful careers. With having such high values in education and career, the author is not surprised that the parents consider graduation and a new job as very important achievements that a family member can accomplish. Even more, in the client’s sake, getting married, starting a new job, and moving into a new home were life changing fulfillments that the client has longed to achieve. As far as failures and achievements, being Indian has affected the fulfillment of achievements and perspectives of failures by placing the pressure to always be â€Å"on top of [the] game. Competition is what brings out the best in people and achieves the best results. Growing up, the client was always encouraged to excel. The expectations of families towards children were very high. With Mrs. P, the client strived to be the best because expectations were high and from the author’s point of view, the client has done very well to be at the point where the client is. Since the client’s family first sta rt, the only health and health-related events and experiences that Mrs. P has gone through is dealing with the removal of cataracts in client’s father’s eyes. Fortunately for Mrs. P, there have been no immediate deaths or births have taken place since the client has been born. Since the client’s the new marriage life, no health related events has occurred. Part II: Self Assessment Health-related Attitudes regarding this Cultural Group From the author’s self assessment about health-related attitudes regarding Indians, the author presumed that the most Indians are prone to respiratory infections such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, hypertension, nutritional deficits, and high risk behavior such as alcoholism and cigarette smoking. To be perfectly honest, the main assumption that the author had in regards to this cultural groups is that individuals of the Indian culture prone to strive dietary restrictions, which lead to a number of health problems. In addition, having had an Indian roommate, the author believed that individuals of this culture hold strong cultural beliefs and values because of the parents. Parents have a strong hold in the way Indian children think and behave. From family, friends, school, and community relationships to sexual activities, education, and work, Indians are expected to be smart, careful, and successful in all aspects of life. In the author’s opinion, such values and beliefs definitely influence and contribute to the health-related attitudes held by author because American Indians’ physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of life can eventually affect the health of these individuals. Evaluation of Author’s Values, Beliefs, & Practices In regards to the author’s values, beliefs, and practices, much of what has been embedded into the value and belief system of the author, including lifestyle practices, has been due to family, friends, and personal experience. From respect, obedience, and honesty, to work, education, religion, rationality and practicality, and the quality of life and health, the author strives to maintain a positive outlook in life, believes that hard work and determination will lead to a successful career, marriage, and family upbringing, and appreciates life and all the fortunate blessings that are often taken for granted like ambulation, breathing, and a healthy, loving family. Family, school, health, and religion are the most important values that the author holds. As a Catholic, the author believes that God has a plan for everything and whether life experiences are good or bad, God has a reason. Although the author does not religiously attend Church, prayer is often performed at home and at school. With school, education is an important aspect to a successful career. In the author’s opinion, knowledge is pertinent to success. Even more so, being aware of beneficial and risky lifestyle practices are necessary to maintain a healthy life. Such practices include exercise, a well-balanced diet, no smoking or drugs, and safe sexual practices. Obviously, values, beliefs, and practices may affect the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions in life. However, being only 25 years old, the author is aware that there is still so much more to learn about life. Therefore, the author remains open to new ideas and opportunities so that additional knowledge, mistakes, achievements, and failures will continue to add to the author’s life experiences. How might Author’s values, beliefs, & practices affect Delivery of Nursing Care to this Culture Group? The author’s values, beliefs, and practices may affect the delivery of nursing care to this culture group with the inability to empathize and understand complaints and concerns about health which leads to inaccurate assumptions about patient needs and creates assumptions that may impose ideas and interventions that may be unacceptable to the plan of care. Being unable to step outside the author’s box of values, beliefs, and practices may prevent the author from learning about another culture. As a result, the overall affect of delivering nursing care for this culture group is making incorrect assumptions about the needs of the clients and developing a care plan that may serve no benefit in improving the quality of life. Part III- Developing a Plan of Care After culturally assessing Mrs. P, the author identified the client’s readiness for enhanced religiosity. With a new marriage, a new house, and a new job, the client expresses concern that being away from the parents may lead to decreasing active lifestyle of practicing the beliefs and practices of the Indian culture. Even more so, the client acknowledges and expresses a desire to maintain the beliefs, values, practices that the parents have taught. Being married to a husband who does not actively practice the Indian culture, along with dealing with the expected stressors of being a new wife, taking care of a new house, and starting a new job, Mrs. P. strongly believes that maintain the values and practices of the Indian culture may be an effective coping strategy that Mrs. P is willing and ready to do. Obviously, Mrs. P. recognizes the importance of the Indian culture and is ready to enhance what had been taught to cope with the new life changes. Referring to Appendix B, the author’s goal for the client includes verbalizing the willingness to seek help to regain desired religious beliefs and practices and acknowledging the need to strengthen religious affiliations and become involved in spiritually based programs. These two goals seem appropriate for the client because if Mrs. P is willing to seek help with maintain the Indian culture and acknowledges the need for additional resources to participate in religious activities; the client can enhance religiosity within the newly accepted life transitions. Therefore, the interventions that the author has planned include determining the spiritual state/motivation for growth by ascertaining religious beliefs of family of origin and climate in which client grew up, discussing client’s spiritual commitment, beliefs and values, assisting the client to integrate values and beliefs to achieve a sense of wholeness and optimum balance in daily living by exploring connection of desire to strengthen belief patterns and customs of daily life, and encouraging participation in religious activities, worship/religious services, reading religious materials, etc and provide referral to community sources. In the author’s opinion, the overall plan of care has been adapted to the specific ethnic or cultural beliefs of Mrs. P because the plan addresses the cultural needs of the client. The interventions are client-centered and do not force any assumptions or beliefs of the author or of any other culture. The client has control of the care given. Even more so, communication, education, and religion being incorporated into the plan of care which were what the client expressed as the values and beliefs that are recognized as important. Hence, keeping what is important to the client. Conclusion To review, nurses must be able to provide culturally competent care to diverse individuals of different cultures. Culturally competent care can be accomplished by utilizing cultural assessment tools to better understand clients and other cultures in the community. Assessing the culture of an individual is an essential component in providing quality nursing care. In order to provide culturally diverse care, nurses need to take the time to learn about each client: who the client is, what the client feels and, most importantly, what the client needs. By doing so, nurses will be able to tailor a plan of care that implements interventions that are best appropriate to a client’s specific need, delivering quality nursing care, especially when of a different culture. References Doenges, M. , Moorhouse, M. , & Murr, A. (2006). Nurse’s pocket guide: Diagnoses, prioritized interventions, and rationales (10th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (2006). Foundations of nursing in the community (2nd ed). St Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc. Appendices Appendix A Cultural Assessment of Client I. Brief History of Ethnic and/or racial origins of the cultural group with which the client identifies Q1. What ethnic culture do you identify with? A1. American Indian. Q2. Can you describe a brief history of your ethnic culture? A2. Okay. Q3. Where were your parents born? Where did they grow up? A3. India – Punjab (dad) mom – U. P (Utter Pradesh) Q4. Where were your grandparents born? A4. India Q5. Mother’s parents? A5. Punjab – India Q6. Father’s parents? A6. Punjab – India Q7. How many siblings do you have? A7. 1 younger brother. He is 28 years old. I am 35 years old. Q8. What setting did you grow up in? urban or rural? A8. I’ve lived in Poway, California, all my life. I love it here. My area looks more rural than urban. There is a lot of open land and green grass. We’re near the mountains so we are pretty far from the city life. Q9. What is your native language? A9. Hindi Q10. Do you speak this language? A10. Yes, everyone in my family can. Q11. Do you read your native language? A11. No, just my parents. Q12. Was your original family name changed? A12. No. Well, I just recently got married, so I carry my husband’s name now. Q13. How old were you when you came to the US? (if applicable? ) A13. I was born in U. S. A. My parents, on the other hand, came about 14 years ago. Q14. Who lived with you growing up? A14. Parents and brother II. Values Orientation Q1. What does your culture value? A1. Respect for elders, good education, good family background and connections, and good ethics for the society. Religion is also important. Our culture strives on hard work, vitality, and dynamism. Q2. Compared to western culture, how do you value achievement, materialism, ducation, work, equality, understanding of the environment, rationality and practicality, orderliness, and the quality of life and health? (in terms from your culture, if different? ) A2. I value all these things, especially education and high status in career is important. The type of careers you do are also very important and sets your status in society (doctors and engineers looked upon highly). Growing up, I learned the reputation was highly looked upon so whatever I did, I had to think before I act. Q3. How does your family value these things? A3. My family believes these are also all important, but they do not see these things as items that define a person, but they do appreciate these things. For the most part, upholding the family name and image in society is an important aspect in our culture because family comes first. My family is very family-oriented and respect is expected within our immediate and extended relationships. III. Cultural Sanctions and Restrictions Q1. Any cultural sanctions and restrictions? A1. None that I am aware of. If there were, I certainly was not informed. I guess because my parents do not carry the Indian culture as strict as other families. They try to be very open-minded to living in the United States and understanding the kind of environment that me and my brother live in. IV. Communication Q1. How does your family communicate with each other? A1. We talk to everyone, openly and respectfully. We talk to family, friends, and the people of the community. Q2. How does culture affect the way you communicate to family and with friends? A2. Certain things might not be accepted to be talked about in front of parents such as foul language or sexual topics. Q3. Does your family get along? A3. Definitely! Family is very important, unless something is inappropriate or unacceptable, then that causes problems. But for the most part, being close to family is an essential aspect of our culture. Q4. Have you or do you maintain contact with: Q4a. Aunts, uncles, cousins? Brothers and sisters? Parents? A4a. Yes, especially since I moved out of the house. I try to remain in close contact with everyone. Q5. Did most of your aunts, uncles and cousins live near your home? A5. Yes Q6. How often did you visit family members who lived outside of your home? A6. Every few weeks V. Health-related beliefs and practices Q1. Does your culture believe in traditional health beliefs or practices? A1. Much of what we believe in is related to nutrition. What we eat affects the way we function. For example, some foods are â€Å"hot† and some are â€Å"cold†, and therefore, should only be eaten during certain seasons and not in combination. Depending on what region individuals are from, different families have a different perspective of â€Å"hot† and â€Å"cold† foods. Hindus love to cook and everyone has their own perception of healthy foods, so individuals usually cook dishes that they believe are nutritional to how one may function. Q2. Do you follow any traditional health beliefs or practices? A2. No, not really. I eat whatever my mom used to cook for me. But now that I moved out, I cook whatever I have in the fridge. I don’t really believe in the hot and cold stuff. Q3. Do you do anything to keep healthy or prevent illness? A3. Just eat right and workout. I try to eat well-balanced meals and exercise. VI. Nutrition Q1. Do you prepare foods special to your ethnic background? If yes, describe. A1. I don’t make them since I don’t know how, but my mom makes many different dishes and I enjoy eating them. rajma, cholay, saag) Q2. Are there specific dietary restrictions in your culture? A2. Eating meat is not considered good in our culture, but people still eat it. I, on the other hand, have kept that dietary restriction so I don’t eat meat. VII. Socioeconomic considerations Q1. What is your family’s occupation and education? A1. Well, my dad has masters in business and he works wit h Gateway computers. Mom is a housewife; brother works at Boeing and got a degree from UCSD for management science and economics. Q2. Do you receive financial assistance? A2. No Q3. Are there any plans of changing jobs to earn a little more income? A3. Well, I just recently got hired as a teacher and I have no plans for changing my career any time soon. Honestly, my husband makes money that is definitely sufficient for our income, and I am very fortunate to find a successful man. Q4. Do you own or rent a house? A4. Eventually, we plan to own the new house we just moved into. Q5. How are living arrangements? A5. We currently own a home with 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, a living room, dining room, loft, and patio. I love it here. We’re the only ones living in the house right since we just moved in. So there is a lot of privacy and a lot of space. We are ready to start a family. XIII. Organizations providing cultural support Q1. Are there any organizations that provide cultural support for you or your family? A1. No, but I’m very interested in finding out every since I got married. XIV. Educational background Q1. Describe your educational background? And your husband? A1. I have a BS in Business Administration and my husband has a bachelor’s degree in cellular and molecular biology and in computer engineering, and masters in computer engineering. Q2. Describe your parent’s educational background? A2. Dad – masters in business, mom has degree in psychology XV. Religious affiliation Q1. What is your religious preference? A1. Hinduism Q2. Describe your religious background, beliefs, and practices. Does your family attend Church? A2. Believe in reincarnation and many gods, occasionally attend a temple. For the most part, since I’ve moved out and my husband is not that religious, I tend to practice Hinduism at home and when I’m with my family. My parents strive on religion and since I’ve moved out, I feel like I am not as active as I used to be. Q3. Is your boyfriend/girlfriend the same religion as you, if any? A3. Yes, husband is same religion, but he doesn’t really practice any religious or spiritual activities. Q4. Is your girlfriend/boyfriend the same ethnic background as you? A4. Yes, he is also an American Indian Q5. Do you live in a neighborhood where the neighbors are the same religion and ethnic background as yourself? A5. No, diverse backgrounds in our apartment complex Q6. Do you belong to a religious institution? A6. No, but I think it would be great if I was. Q7. Would you describe yourself as an active member? A7. No. But again, I think being newly married; I think that being religious and spiritual may be a good thing. It’s hard to find the time to participate in religious or spiritual activities, but being a new wife with a new home and job, I think it would be good for me. Q8. How often do you attend your religious institution? A8. Very rarely anymore. I used to with my parents. Q9. Do you practice your religion in your home? A9. Yes Q10. Are your friends from the same religious background as you? A10. No Q11. Are your friends from the same ethnic background as you? A11. No XVI. Cultural aspects of disease incidence Q1. What does your culture believe in when it comes to aspects of disease? A1. Disease and illness is often thought be caused by our culture’s customs and beliefs. From supernatural forces to having excess human needs, individuals can be affected regardless of education and status in life. Some examples I can give you is eating too many candies can lead to ringworm, excessive sexual activity can cause tuberculosis, and diarrhea can be caused by not eating a well-balanced diet. Q2. Any cultural treatments? A2. Some like homeopathic medicines, herbal remedies, others like to mix religion with medicine and observe the patient with the natural environment. Q3. How does your culture view the occurrence of diseases? A3. If it’s a sexual disease it can be looked upon as disrespectful if you are unmarried. Q4. Are there any health problems that could affect your family now? A4. High blood pressure XVII. Biocultural variations Q1. Are you any other culture besides Indian? A1. No. Full American Indian. XVIII. Developmental considerations Q1. Describe family achievements and tasks fulfillment since your family’s start? A1. My parents’ best achievement, as they always tell me, was having me and my brother. Other than that, my family has not had significant achievements. With a stable career and a good neighborhood, my parents have had a good life without changing their line of profession or participating in life-changing events. However, me and my brother graduated from college and have found successful careers. Even more so, I just recently got married and my parents are very proud of me to have found such a good man at the right time. Q2. How has your culture or ethnic identify affected fulfillment of achievements or failures? A2. Growing up, my parents always encouraged me to excel. The expectations of each member were high. From work to school to even household chores, my parents expected the best out of me. In our culture it is expected to always be at the top of your game. This makes you want to always strive for the best and reach for the stars. Q4. From your family’s first start, what health and health-related events and experiences have happened? A4. Well, since I got married, there haven’t been any significant health-related experiences to note. Yet, during my family’ first start, my dad recently had his cataracts taken out. Other than that, I have been blessed with a healthy family for the most part. Appendix B Plan of Care |Interventions |Rationales | |A. Nurse will determine spiritual state/motivation for growth by |A. Early religious training deeply affects children and is carried on | |ascertaining religious beliefs of family of origin and climate in which|into adulthood. Any conflict may family’s beliefs and client’s current | |client grew up. |learning may need to be addressed. | | | |B. Discuss client’s spiritual commitment, beliefs and values. |B. Enables examination of these issues and helps client learn more about| | |self and what he or she desires. | | | | |C. Nurse will assist client to integrate values and beliefs to achieve |C. Becoming aware of how these issues affect the individual’s daily life| |a sense of wholeness and optimum balance in daily living by exploring |can enhance ability to incorporate them into everything he or she does. | |connection of desire to strengthen belief patterns and customs of daily| | |life. | | | | | |D. Nurse will enhance optimum wellness by encouraging participating in |D. Encouragement allows individual to pursue what he or she wants and | |religious activities, worship/religious services, reading religious |referrals allow clients to become aware of what options are available. | |materials, etc and provide referral to community sources. | | ———————– Nursing Diagnosis: Readiness of Enhanced Religiosity related to life changes secondary to getting married, a new house, and a new job AEB by client’s desire to strengthen religious belief patterns and customs that had provided comfort in the past, request for assistance to increase participation in religious beliefs through prayer, and requests for referrals to religious affiliation. Goal 2: Patient will acknowledge need to strengthen religious affiliations and become involved in spiritually based programs of own choice Goal 1: Patient will verbalize willingness to seek help to regain desired religious beliefs and practices Interventions